Derecho and Derecha, Two Confusing Spanish Words

Derecho and Derecha, Two Confusing Spanish Words Two handily confounded Spanish words are derecho and derecha. Both are inaccessible cousins of the English words right and direct, and that is the wellspring of the disarray: Depending on the specific circumstance and use, these words can convey implications, for example, right (something contrary to left), right (qualification), straight, upstanding and straightforwardly. ‘Derecho’ and ‘Derecha’ Explained These words are simplest to comprehend as things: El derecho is never a term of bearing and is utilized to allude to something that is expected an individual as per law, moral standard or custom - as it were, a right. At the point when utilized in the plural, it commonly implies rights, for example, in the expression derechos humanos, human rights. It can likewise allude to a sort of right that is less conceptual. For instance, derechos del autor (actually, creators rights) alludes to royalties.La derecha alludes to something that is on the right (inverse of left) side. It can allude to, for instance, the correct hand and the political right. The verb-modifying phrase a la derecha is normal and intends to one side or on the right. As a descriptive word, derecho (and inferred structures derecha, derechos and derechas) can mean right (something contrary to left, as in el lado derecho, the correct side), upstanding (as in el palo derecho, the upstanding shaft), and straight (as in lã ­nea derecha, straight line). Generally the setting will make the importance understood. Aside from in terrible Spanglish, derecho as a descriptor doesn't mean right. As a modifier, the structure is derecho. It normally implies straight ahead or in an orderly fashion as in anduvieron derecho, they strolled straight ahead. Test Sentences Here are a few instances of these words being used: No tienes el derecho de iniciar la fuerza contra la vida, libertad, o propiedad de otros. (You dont reserve the option to start the utilization of power against the life, freedom or property of others.)Estos cambios pueden tener un impacto negativo contra los derechos al voto de minorã ­as raciales. (These progressions can have a negative impact against the democratic privileges of racial minorities.)Queremos el derecho a decidir para toda la gente. (We need the option to choose for all the people.)Como consecuencia de este incidente sufriã ³ una herida grave en el ojo derecho. (Because of this episode he endured a genuine physical issue in his privilege eye.)El coche es caro, pero no me funciona la luz de cruce derecha. (The vehicle is costly, however the correct blinker doesnt work for me.)El espejo derecho no es obligatorio salvo que algo nos obstaculice el uso del espejo inside. (The right-side mirror isnt required except if something obstructs our utilization of the inside mir ror.)Siguià ³ derecho por un tiempo risks de que parara. (She proceeded with straight ahead for quite a while before she halted.) Nunca he negado que feed diferente tipos de derechas. (I have never denied there are various kinds of conservatives.)Espero que la pared de la cocina estã © derecha. (I trust the kitchen divider is straight up and down.)Gire a la derecha desde la rampa de salida. (Divert to one side from the exit ramp.)Por tradiciã ³n el guila de la bandera mira a la derecha. (Customarily, the bird on the banner looks to one side.) In the event that You Need To Say ‘Left’ In the case of alluding to physical course or legislative issues, the thing structure for left is izquierda. The descriptive word structure is izquierdo and its varieties for number and sexual orientation. Zurdo is the descriptor generally used to allude to somebody who is left-given. Some example sentences: Sufro de constante inflamaciã ³n en el ojo izquierdo. (I continually experience the ill effects of irritation in my left eye.)Se dice que un partido es de la izquierda cuando tiende a buscar una city hall leader distribuciã ³n de las riquezas. (They state that a gathering is from the left when it will in general seek after a more noteworthy conveyance of wealth.)La imagen a la izquierda muestra la rotaciã ³n del planeta. (The picture on the left shows the planets rotation.)Fue designado como mejor atleta zurdo del paã ­s. (He was named the countrys best left-gave competitor.) Key Takeaways As a descriptor, derecho (and its ladylike and plural structures) can mean something contrary to left just as upstanding or straight, and it can likewise fill in as an intensifier to allude to activity straight ahead.But as a thing, el derecho never alludes to a heading. in any case, to an entitlement.The thing structure for something on the right (inverse of left) side is derecha.

The Pantheon Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Pantheon - Term Paper Example From the examination The Pantheon unmistakably despite the fact that the conventional yard was a well known thing among the Romans, joining it with a mammoth rotunda came about into a totally new and novel structure. Those meeting the structure would move toward it by means of a huge yard alluded to as forecourt. The forecourt was circumscribed by marble segments on every one of its sides (DuTemple22). â€Å"At the far end, they would see the customary patio with its cut stone columns† (DuTemple22). In any case, there was no away from of the rotunda at the rear of the yard. When moving toward the structure from the forecourt, the vault seemed, by all accounts, to be huge, yet not especially principal. The rotunda looked like an immense pot fitted with a top on its top (DuTemple22). It is simply in the wake of entering the patio that anybody could come into the truth of the delightful sight inside the rotunda, which was â€Å"a flawless side of the equator, 142 feet (43 m), in distance across, bending upward from the highest point of a goliath round wall† (DuTemple22). In the wake of clearing the ground on which the structure was to be constructed, the estimations of the structure were finished by Hadrian’s designers. The estimation was in roundabout structure since it was simpler to gauge a round structure than a rectangular one. Since the spot wherein the Pantheon was to be manufactured was almost a waterway, which regularly overwhelmed, the draftsmen realized the main arrangement was to establish a solid framework for the structure. The solid establishment was significant attributable to the huge weight that the arch of the Pantheon would apply on it.

National Identification System in the United States Essay

National Identification System in the United States - Essay Example National Identification System In The United States Right off the bat, it is national since it is utilized all through the nation having broadly uniform identifiers and configurations. Furthermore, the framework is for functional and legitimate utilize as it were. Cards like Mastercards can likewise be utilized to recognize an individual, however they are not national personality cards. Individuals can have various such cards or no cards at all and still wander about in the nation with no issues. Nonetheless, if the law makes it required for everybody to have such cards for recognizable proof purposes, it at that point comes in the class of national personality cards. Last however not the least; the framework is utilized for the recognizable proof of a person. It is unique in relation to a government managed savings number. A standardized savings number joins a number to the name of an individual and is only a national identifier. A national character card really demonstrates the personality of an individual. It shows that an individu al, recently known to the framework, has indeed introduced oneself. It includes a biometric tie between the number and the individual. The card would not just have the name and address of the individual, however it likewise includes an obligatory facial picture of an individual on the card. The chip inside the card will help the law authorities in distinguishing whether an individual is on government’s watch list or not. Fingerprints or retinal pictures on the card will likewise help in the ID of an individual. This will help in recovering data about the individual from the administration databases and movement organizations too. Numerous individuals are of the view that had such a framework been executed before, it would have most likely aided in deflecting the 9/11 catastrophe. The issue is as yet hazy whether everybody or an area of society ought to have such cards or where to utilize them, for example, at the air terminals or while getting to government structures and so on (Wang, pg, 1. 2002). Here it is relevant to talk about the National Identification Legislation in detail: NATIONAL IDENTIFICATION LEGISLATION: 9/11 COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION: Evaluating the 9/11 psychological oppressor

Mgt 520 Final Exam Study Free Essays

MGMT520 Final Exam Study Guide Finals open on Saturday April 20â at 12:01 a. m. MT (Saturday morning) Finals close on Thursday April 25 at 11:59 p. We will compose a custom paper test on Mgt 520 Final Exam Study or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now m. MT (Thursday night) PLEASE DON’T WAIT TILL THE LAST MINUTE †THE SYSTEM IS BUSY AND MAY SLOW DOWN AND ANYTHING CAN HAPPEN. YOU MAY WANT TO PRINT THIS GUIDE. 1. The end of the year test is â€Å"open book, open notes. † The most extreme time you can spend in the test is 3 hours, 30 minutes. On the off chance that you have not tapped the Submit For Grade button by, at that point, you will be consequently left from the test. In the last test of the year condition, the Windows clipboard is debilitated, thus you won't have the option to duplicate test questions or replies to or from different applications. There are three pages to your last, and each page starts with a story. The narratives are very fascinating and will make the inquiries stream without any problem. The inquiries that follow are then taken from every story. There is a little cover. Recall questions are mixed, so while they change, all TCO’s will be tried. 2. You should tap the Save Answers button in the test oftentimes. This forestalls association breaks that may happen with certain Internet Service Providers, and furthermore limits lost answers in case of association issues. On the off chance that your web association breaks, when you reconnect you will regularly have the option to get once more into your last, most important test with no difficulty. Keep in mind, however, that the test clock keeps on running while understudies are disengaged, so understudies should attempt to re-login as fast as could be expected under the circumstances. The Help Desk can't concede any understudy extra time on the test. . See Syllabus â€Å"Due Dates for Assignments Exams† for due date data. 4. Updates: * You may have the option to enter your online Final Exam one time * Click the â€Å"Save Answers† button frequently * If you lose your Internet association during your Final Exam, logon again and attempt to get to your Final Exam. On the off chance that you can't enter the Final Exam, contact first t he assistance work area and afterward your educator. * You will consistently have the option to see the time staying in the Final Exam at the upper right of the page . Evaluations with Multiple Pages: * Make sure you click the â€Å"Save Answers† button before progressing to the following page (we additionally propose tapping on spare answers while you are working) * Complete the entirety of the pages before presenting your Final Exam for teacher audit; check your work and make certain to answer all the pieces of inquiries. * Do NOT utilize your browser’s ‘Back’ and ‘Forward’ catches during the Final Exam * Please utilize the gave connections to route 6. Presenting Your Final Exam: When you are done with the Final Exam, click on the â€Å"Submit for Grade† button * Please note: Once you click the â€Å"Submit for Grade† button, you won't have the option to alter or change any of your answers 7. Test Questions * The last, most imp ortant test covers all course TCOs and Weeks 1-7. * The test has two short answer addresses worth 15 focuses each (TCO I and D. ) (Plan around 10 minutes each). * The test has 7 exposition addresses worth 30 focuses each (TCO A, B, C, E, F, G, and H) (Plan around 23-25 minutes each. ) This gives you around a brief cushion. The test has an aggregate of 240 focuses. * The end of the year test contains 3 pages, which can be finished in any request. You may go to and fro between the pages. * On the short answer questions, simply answer the inquiry posed, with any concise detail to clarify why you addressed that way. In the event that a rundown is mentioned, give it. * On the article addresses your answers ought to be brief, completely address each piece of the inquiry, and exhibit your insight and comprehension in a succinct however complete answer. You can utilize projectiles where fitting (I. e. posting components, protections, or steps. Guarantee you examine and offer purposes behind responses as fractional credit is offered regardless of whether the response isn't right. * Remember consistently utilize legitimate reference while citing different sources! Spot any cited or obtained material (even a short expression) in quotes with the source (URL, creator/date/page #) promptly following the finish of the entry. Indeed, even refer to summarized data. Cited or summarized material ought not rule a student’s work; use it sparingly to help your own considerations, thoughts, and models. Inability to appropriately refer to material can risk a finishing grade on the test. Your work might be submitted to turnitin. com, an online written falsification checking administration. * If you reference your content, it’s OK to simply say Jennings, p__. 8. A portion of the key examination territories are as per the following: (while these are key zones recollect that the test is far reaching for all the appointed course substance and this investigation guide may not be comprehensive. * TCO A: Given a hierarchical necessity to adjust strategic policies to both the law and best moral practices, apply suitable moral hypotheses to shape a business choice. Ways of thinking * Ethical models †you should apply them to an authentic circumstance much as you did in your midterm * TCO B: Given examples of government guideline of business and business rehearses, decide the established and administrative bases for such guideline, and figure a system by which anâ impacted business can impact or challenge controlling results. * APA * procedure of guideline declarat ion * Legal difficulties to guidelines (review our Week 2 task, particularly #5) TCO C: Given a case of corporate risk emerging from the offer of imperfect and hazardous items, build up a business methodology that incorporates moral contemplations to limit obligation for cases of item risk and break of guarantee. * Strict Liability 402A †know the components, relate them to the realities! * Negligence †don’t neglect to refer to the components and relate them to the realities! * Warranties †once more, communicated and suggested, and relate them to the realities. * Defenses to these cases †don’t neglect to utilize our terms: contributory carelessness, supposition of hazard, near carelessness; relate them to the realities! TCO D: Given a business prerequisite to shape an agreement for the offer of products and ventures to a client, characterize the components of an agreement, and decide if a properly framed agreement is enforceable under the customary l aw or Uniform Commercial Code. * Contract arrangement †recollect the components! * Contract execution * Defenses to contract execution * TCO E: Given indicated conditions of a business relationship, decide the conditions under which a business is at risk to a worker for work segregation or improper release. Making of the office relationship, including respondeat predominant, careless recruiting, and so forth * Responsibilities of the specialist and head * Theories of separation under Title VII †dissimilar treatment, sway; don’t overlook inappropriate behavior, which is additionally secured, just as age under the ADEA * Defenses to a Title VII charge * Enforcement of Title VII * TCO F: Given determined conditions of business responsibility for and licensed innovation, assess the privileges of business to the insurance of its property and the commitments emerging out of the utilization of the property. Speculations to secure business protected innovation (licenses, co pyright, and so forth ) * Know the contrast between appointment (a security tort) and misappropriation (exchange privileged insights). * Enforcement of business property rights (e. g. , item derision, trademark encroachment, and so on ) * Defenses to these cases * TCO G: Given instances of anticompetitive or unjustifiable exchange rehearses, apply material antitrust or other purchaser insurance laws, and decide proper business systems to forestall exchange rehearses liabilities. Legal assurances for shoppers * Bankruptcy * Restraints of exchange * TCO H: Given a contention between corporate partners over a business choice, assess the legitimate and moral obligations of corporate executives, officials, and controlling investors. * Duties and commitments of executives of a partnership * Insider Trading †be certain you know the components * TCO I: Given indicated conditions of a business choice to grow to worldwide markets, figure out what universal legitimate necessities or admin istrative controls apply. Standards of universal law * Resolution of global debates * Jurisdiction in a private activity between residents or organizations of various nations †comprehend sovereign resistance and how it applies and who may utilize it as a safeguard. * Jennings’s Article â€Å"Why an International Code of Ethics Would be Good† 9. Territories that were examined in the strings will be ideal objectives. 10. Assignments will likewise be ideal objectives for returning to. At long last, on the off chance that you have any inquiries for me, it would be ideal if you present them on our Q;A, or email me. Good karma on the test! The most effective method to refer to Mgt 520 Final Exam Study, Papers

Question 21 & 22 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Question 21 and 22 - Essay Example At the point when an individual directs an activity, for example, manhandling medications and liquor without being pressured into utilization of these substances, the demonstration is perceived as deliberate and this leads the demonstration is said to have complied with the necessities of intentional act (Singer, 2007, p.501). Activities that are caused because of the demonstration of willful inebriation can not be guarded through deliberate inebriation barrier until and except if that demonstration of inebriation has kept the respondent from making the goal of wrongdoing required for a specific criminal act. On the off chance that the litigant has submitted a demonstration that is viewed as crazy in nature, the respondent may even neglect to pick up the proviso of defective safeguard (Delaney, 2004, p.423). For instance: Before an individual drank a container of liquor, a medication that outcomes in the obviousness of the purchaser is added to the jug of liquor. The individual devou rs the medication blended liquor and goes into an oblivious state and in that oblivious state he/she winds up almost murdering another person by beating him/her up. The individual is charged for attacking another person in such a way, that the other individual could have even experienced demise. The individual may attempt to safeguard himself/herself from the charge by expressing that she didn't deliberately devour the medication. However, because of the way that the individual deliberately expended liquor and wound up in an oblivious state may make her protection feeble in light of the fact that she had devoured liquor purposely and out of through and through freedom. This will prompt her being considered answerable for beating another individual so gravely that he/she about passed on. References Delaney, J. (2004). Learning criminal law as backing contention: Complete with test issues and replies. Philadelphia, PA: J. Delaney Publications. Emanuel, S. (2007). Criminal law. Austin: Wolters Kluwer Law and Business/Aspen Publishers. Artist, R. G., La, F. J. Q., and Singer, R. G. (2007). Criminal law: Examples and clarifications. Austin: Wolters Kluwer Law and Business/Aspen Publishers. 2. A demonstration is acknowledged as self protection when the litigant can legitimize that the demonstration was directed in self preservation (Brody, 2010, p.133). Self preservation can be utilized by the litigant in a few issues, for example, physical assault, battery and manslaughters that are criminal in nature since every one of these demonstrations incorporate use of power. The vast majority of the states view self as barrier as safeguard of legal yet the position changes relying upon the cases. Utilization of destructive power as a self protection is viewed as an activity wherein any level or sort of power is utilized and the use of this power can bring about the demise of the individual against whom it is being utilized. This doesn't imply that the individual against who m the protection has been started should wind up dead to think about this sort of go about as use of lethal power. Case of use of dangerous power incorporates use of a weapon, for example, blade or a firearm to guard oneself. A litigant can utilize the idea of self preservation as a barrier that is both great and defective in nature. A respondent can guarantee that he has led a demonstration in self preservation when the applied power is considered as unbiasedly sensible under the situation. As per law, an individual can lead the utilization of

20 Different Types of Psychologists and What They Do

20 Different Types of Psychologists and What They Do January 21, 2020 Verywell / Mary McLain More in Student Resources Careers APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips What are the  different types of psychologists  and what exactly do they do in the variety of branches of psychology? When people hear the term psychologist, many immediately imagine a man or woman sitting in an office, scribbling notes while a client sits on a leather fainting couch. Sure, there are plenty of psychologists who engage in this type of  talk therapy, but people who work in the  field of psychology  also do a variety of other things. Did you know that there are psychologists who study how people work and interact with the tools in their environment? Or that some psychologists come up with ways to help slow global warming? Below is a list of some of the specialty areas  and related tasks they include. Aviation Psychologists These psychologists study the behavior of pilots and other flight crew members. Aviation psychologists also perform research on airline safety, develop new training equipment, and help select suitable employees. For example, an aviation psychologist might select or even develop psychological tests used to screen applicants for elite pilot positions. Because of the highly specialized and delicate nature of the job, it is essential to choose candidates who are healthy, stable, and capable of coping with intense pressure. Aviation psychologists utilize their knowledge of psychology to ensure that only the best people are chosen for these critical roles. Aviation psychologists might also work with other professionals including engineers and human factors psychologists to design different components of airplanes such as the cabins or flight decks. By taking human psychology into consideration during the design process, aviation psychologists can help ensure that these products are developed with perception, attention, memory, and other capabilities in mind. Biopsychologists These psychologists are also sometimes called biological psychologists or physiological psychologists. They study and perform research on the brain and behavior. By examining the neural bases of behavior, biopsychologists are able to understand different biological factors that might impact how people think, feel, and act. This type of psychologist might also investigate how brain disease and injury impact behavior. By better understanding of how people are affected by such injuries and diseases, researchers can also find new ways of preventing, treating, and managing serious brain illnesses and trauma. Clinical Psychologists Clinical psychologists  assess, diagnose and treat individuals suffering from psychological distress and mental illness. They also perform psychotherapy and develop treatment plans. Clinical psychologists often work in hospitals, mental health clinics, and private practice. They are trained in a variety of treatment techniques but may specialize in treating certain disorders or working with certain populations. For example, a clinical psychologist might specialize in an area such as substance abuse treatment, child mental health, adult mental health, or geriatric mental health. While clinical psychologists often work in medical settings, they  are not physicians and in most cases cannot prescribe medications. According to the American Psychologist Association, clinical psychologists make an average of $80,00 per year. Cognitive Psychologists Cognitive psychologists  investigate how people think, including topics such as decision-making and problem-solving. This type of psychologist is interested in how the brain processes, learns, stores, recognizes, and utilizes information. Cognitive psychologists may work in a variety of settings including universities, research centers, rehabilitation facilities, hospitals, government agencies, and in private practice. Professionals in this field often perform a range of duties such as conducting research and working with patients. As with other areas of psychology, cognitive psychologists often choose to specialize in a particular area such as memory, language development, attention, problem-solving, or learning disabilities. Community Psychologists This type of psychologist conducts research on community health issues. They also seek to educate  the community and develop prevention programs. These professionals are focused on helping lead positive changes at both the individual and community levels. You may find community psychologists working in a range of settings at universities, government agencies, community organizations, and private businesses as professors, consultants, policy advisors, program directors, and researchers. Research in this area tends to be very action-oriented and focuses on developing real-world solutions that can immediately be put into practice. Community psychologists work to address social problems, promote health and wellness, and enact policies that improve peoples lives. Comparative Psychologists Comparative psychologists study the behavior of different species, particularly how animal and human behavior differs. Why study animals? Because while there are obviously major differences, it is assumed that some things may hold true for all species. Therefore studying the behaviors and responses of animals such as rats and dogs can provide insights into human behaviors as well. Such observations have proven important throughout much of psychologys history. Thorndikes work with cats, Pavlovs work with dogs, and Skinners work with pigeons are just some of the examples of comparative psychology in which animal behavior can provide insights into human behavior. Experimental psychologists make an average of $92,000 per year, second only to organizational-institutional psychologists in terms of income. Consumer Psychologists Also known as marketing psychologists, consumer psychologists research  consumer behavior  and develop marketing strategies to promote businesses. This type of psychologist is involved in helping businesses better understand what makes consumers purchase products and services. They research how buyers respond to marketing messages, analyze decision-making strategies, and investigate the role that emotions play in purchasing choices. These professionals help businesses develop marketing messages, identify target audiences, develop products that appeal to specific consumers, and learn about how attitudes toward brands and product form and change. They  accomplish these tasks through the use of market research surveys, experiments, naturalistic observations, and consumer focus groups. Counseling Psychologists Counseling psychologists  provide psychotherapy to people suffering from psychological disturbances, behavioral problems, emotional difficulties, stress, and related issues. These professionals share many commonalities with clinical psychologists. Counseling psychologists make an average of $85,000 per year. As with clinical psychologists, they provide psychotherapy and can legally identify themselves as licensed psychologists. Cross-Cultural Psychologists Cross-cultural psychologists look at how people vary across cultures and how cultural affiliations influence behavior. They often explore how different aspects of behavior may be either universal or varied across different cultures. For example, cross-cultural psychologists might investigate how parenting styles differ between collectivist cultures versus individualist cultures as well as how these differences in upbringing influence adult behavior. Developmental Psychologists Developmental psychologists  research human development across the entire lifespan. Some focus on a specific period such as  early childhood, adolescence, adulthood, or old age. These professionals may perform tasks such as evaluating children who may have a developmental delay or disability, investigating issues associated with aging, and studying how language skills are acquired. Some developmental psychologists may focus on research and add to our understanding of developmental issues that can arise throughout life. Other professionals may perform applied work with clients who need assistance in coping with developmental issues. Educational Psychologists These psychologists study how people learn and the educational process. This might involve developing  instructional strategies and teaching techniques. Some educational psychologists study giftedness or learning disabilities. This type of psychologist looks at how social, cognitive, and emotional factors impact the learning process. Some professionals in this field specialize in identifying and dealing with potential problems that might interfere with how children learn. Others specialize in researching the learning process, while some might instead focus on designing instructional materials that maximize learning outcomes. Educational psychologists make an average of $75,000 per year, slightly less than the average ($77,030) for all psychology professions, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Engineering Psychologists Engineering psychologists  are focused on discovering ways to enhance human abilities by improving machines, equipment, technology, and work environments. While some may focus on more basic research, this is most often a very applied field. Engineering psychologists work to solve real-world problems and develop solutions that can have practical applications in everyday life. Engineering psychologists may be tasked with developing technology that can be used in the healthcare industry to help patients recover faster. They also help design and refine products that people use each and every day including mobile phones and motor vehicles. Environmental Psychologists Environmental psychologists explore the relationship between people and their surroundings, including natural environments as well as created environments. This might involve working on conservation projects, helping to protect endangered species, and investigating ways to halt global warming. These professionals may work as researchers to study the impact that humans have on their environments. Some environmental psychologists also work in government to shape environmental policies. Forensic Psychologists Forensic psychologists  focus on the relationship between psychology and the law. This might involve acting as a consultant in criminal cases or civil disputes, performing child custody evaluations, and offering psychotherapy services to crime victims. Thanks to popular depictions in movies and television programs, interest in this field has grown tremendously in recent years. While these pop culture depictions often portray the forensic psychologist as a sleuth working to catch criminals, real forensic psychologists typically perform duties such as assessing juvenile and adult offenders for risk of recidivism, working with child witnesses, evaluating competency to stand trial, and offering professional testimony in court. Health Psychologists Health psychologists  are centered on how psychology, biology, social groups, and behavior influence wellness, illness, and overall health. They work with clients to help maximize well-being and improve both mental and physical health. Some professionals in this field perform clinical work where they assess and treat clients who are seeking assistance with a variety of health issues. This might involve providing psychotherapy, administering different psychological assessments, teaching people about different coping techniques, and educating clients about healthy behaviors. Industrial-Organizational Psychologists I-O psychologists  study workplace behavior such as how to select the best employees for particular jobs and how to increase worker productivity. An I-O psychologist might utilize his or her knowledge of psychological principles to design assessments to screen candidates for specific job roles. They may also be tasked with developing training programs for existing employees in order to increase knowledge, maximize efficiency, and minimize injury. I-O psychologists are also frequently asked to assess businesses on an organizational level and look for new ways to lower costs, improve efficiency, and increase employee satisfaction and retention. Industrial-organizational psychologists are the highest paid category of specialists, earning an average of $125,000 per year. Military Psychologists Military psychologists practice psychology in a military setting. This can include such things as treating soldiers who have a mental illness or emotional distress, researching different aspects of military life, and helping soldiers transition back to civilian life. Some military psychologists focus on performing psychotherapy within different branches of the military, while others apply their knowledge of the human mind and behavior toward recruiting, combating stress, training, decision-making, and leadership. Personality Psychologists Personality psychologists study the different aspects of personality and how individual traits influence an individuals life and behavior. Researchers in the field of personality psychology are interested in a wide range of topics that can have applications in everyday life. For example, they might study how personality forms and whether it can be changed. They might also investigate whether certain personality traits are tied to specific illnesses or disorders, how personality influences the decisions people make, and the many factors that contribute to the development of personality. School Psychologists School psychologists  help children cope with emotional, academic, social, and behavior problems in school settings. Professionals who work in this field of psychology play a vital role in the educational system, typically collaborating with parents, teachers, students, and other school staff to ensure that the learning environment is healthy, safe, supportive, and productive. Children who are struggling with some sort of issue, whether it is behavioral, emotional, or academic in nature, can work with a school psychologist to come up with an effective plan to deal with the difficulty.?? School psychologists provide direct intervention or behavioral management when needed, or may simply offer support and advice to students who need someone to talk to. Social Psychologists Social psychologists  study the behavior of groups including how people behave in social settings  and how groups influence individual behavior. A social psychologist might investigate a wide range of topics including attitudes, prejudice, communication, interpersonal relationships, aggression, and persuasion. For some professionals, this largely involves conducting basic research designed to add to our understanding of social behavior. In other cases, social psychologists utilize their skills and knowledge to influence human behavior in order to foster healthier and more productive groups. Social psychologists can expect to earn an average of $85,000 per year, particularly if employed in a public or governmental institution. A Word From Verywell As you can see from these brief descriptions, there are many types of psychology and psychologists  that focus on a wide variety of human behaviors. If you are considering a career in psychology, you will need to determine which psychology career option is the best fit for you. Which Psychology Career Is Right for You?

University students perception - Free Essay Example

Introduction Background of the Study Over the years, researchers have examined the effects of before and after the introduction of media to the community. The constant question which crops up on the effects of media is, will the exposure of youth to media violence cause increased levels of aggression and violent behavior. According to Huesmann (2001), he said that the young adults may behave aggressively if they are exposed to media violence since young. Ones characteristics can be formed when they are young due to the exposure of media such as television, can determine what kind of a person he/ she will grow up to be. Media violence is reputably hard to explain and define. Violence is the act of a threat in harming and hurting where it could end up with life being sacrificed. The exposure towards media violence may arouse the aggressiveness in the behavior of a person. The connection between media violence and aggressiveness is interrelated because whenever there is aggressiveness it can somehow be linked to media violence. How media violence affect youth nowadays is indeed very important in order to have a clearer view of the society because if this matter is not taking seriously eventually violence in youth might contributes to a major portion of the increasing crime rates. Thus, the media indeed plays an important and major role in developing of morals and values of youth. Numerous shooting cases have taken place in schools, colleges and universities all around the world for the past few years. Many innocent lives have been taken due to the aggressiveness in youths. A youth who grew up surrounded by violence may have the tendencies of getting themselves involved in crime and violence at a higher rate compared than those who were not exposed to the media (Huston and Wright, 1997). There are many things around the world will influence a youths behavior, but in this research we will only be focusing on entertainment that is media such as television, wrestling and video games. The reason for researching on this topic is due to the fact that youth nowadays tend to develop characteristics by imitating behaviors from the media. One of the main influences of mass media would be media violence, where the printing and writing of the mass media wont have a big impact, because it is only visual compared to the media which has audio and visual effects at the same time. In many cases, youths tend to develop a violent behavior through media, and violence among youths is growing exponentially. Therefore, this study will focus on the university students perceptions towards media violence and its effects on youth in Malaysia. The specifications of media violence in this study are television, video games, internet games, music videos and music lyrics. Problem Statement This research is trying to find out what is the university students perception towards media violence on youths in Malaysia is because the media has the capability of affecting youths in their development of individual characteristics. The uncontrolled media violence incidents could be the birth of a more violent community and society in the future. Besides that, people may confuse reality by observing violence on media and develop unrealistic fears. It is an undeniable fact that entertainment media plays an important role for the future generations. Take the television for example; it has grown from a black and white small image set to full high definition wide screen. Today, it is a constant companion to most youths. Its influential properties are indeed undeniable, and the effect of media violence on youths is consistent. With parents working most of the time, youths are left alone depending on media as the sole source of entertainment, this of course leads to the youths tending to believe that all the behaviors and results are real and logical. University students can be categorized as youths where youths are generally visual learners because students at the university level is able to visualize the information given whether is it true or not rather than just trust whatever the information given. Visual learners think in pictures rather than in words. At this stage, they learn better visually, and usually would see the big picture first before learning the minor details. Most media nowadays depends a lot on visual effects; this includes media violence as well. The false admiration of heroes or heroines will cause youths to imitate the actions and behaviors from the entertainment source, and apply it in the real world. Youths will draw a quick conclusion and perceive that aggression could solve problems in life directly and generate rewards easily. Definition of the Term Mass media is any medium used to convey mass communication, and the mass media sources, which includes books, newspapers, magazines, radio, movies, television, and internet. It is a fact that mass media has grown by leaps and bounds, and the importance of it has also grown significantly throughout the years. Therefore, the influences in todays society are an unquestionable fact. One of the main influences of mass media would be media violence. Media violence is the visual portrayal of acts of aggression, and the action could be portrayed by anyone or anything, from human beings to animals. In many cases, the highly influenced group would mainly be youths. Such aggression behaviors include damages to properties, verbal abuse, emotional or physical abuse. In an important study carried out in Canada, children were found to have become significantly more aggressive two years after television was introduced to their town for the first time (Kimball and Zabrack, 1986). Children who prefer violent television shows when they are young have been found to be more aggressive later on, and this may be associated with trouble with the law in adulthood (Huesmann, 1986). The increase of violence among youths would reflect the growing numbers in violence among adults as well. This would lead to a crisis in society where violence would wander freely. University students are the future leaders, where the practice of media violence is normal to them could lead the world to an unhealthy trend by using aggressiveness to settle problems instead of using a peaceful way such as negotiation and meetings. Many wars could be waged and innocent citizens could be the victims of the violent world. The foundation behavior of a person is important because how a person grows up really depends a lot from the condition a person being raised up. Purpose of Research The purpose of this research is to find out what are the university students perceptions towards the media violence effects on youth in Malaysia. The research purpose is to analyze media violence on youths in contributing to a negative impact on society. This research also includes about how university students perception about the seriousness of the media violence affecting the younger generation compare to the older generation in this century. Research Questions There are three research questions which will be conducted in this research, they are: What are the university students perceptions towards the media violence effect on youth? Does the media violence affect their lives? What are the impacts of media violence on youths? Theoretical Framework (Social Learning Theory) Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do. Fortunately, most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action. (Albert Bandura, Social Learning Theory, 1977) The social learning theory is considered the most influential theory of learning and development which was proposed by Albert Bandura (1977). In many of the basic concepts of traditional learning theory, Bandura believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning concepts such as observational learning, imitation, and identification. The theory are as follows, people learn by observing the behaviour of others and outcomes of it. Imitation is another direct mechanical reproduction of behaviour and learning can occur without a change in behaviour. Behaviourists say that learning has to be represented by a permanent change in behaviour. Social learning theorists say that because people can learn through observation alone, not necessarily to be shown in their performance. People can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people. Known as observational learning (or modeling), this type of learning can be used to explain a wide variety of behaviors. The observational learning and modeling process involved are attention, retention, reproduction, motivation. Literature Review The importance of Media In the society nowadays, the media has become an essential need that everyone must have such as food and clothes where is it indeed true that media is playing an important role to play. With advance improvement in the field of science and technology today, the media has become a crucial part in our modern society. Media is a social device in our communication lives. The media can be obtained in everywhere such as newspaper, television, radio, films and internet. The society exposed to media everyday. In fact we seek knowledge through media (Tan, 2009). According to Devrani (2008), the duty of the media is to inform, entertain and also to educate the people in the society. Despite of that, the media help everyone to know what is going on in the world from time to time. Media shape lives and the societys lives will not be complete without media (Devrani, 2008). The medias impact is through psychological and intellectual where the media shape public opinion and help frame the society. The medias information is what we read, listen to and watch (Angel, 2008). According to Adedamola (2009), he explained that the media had always played the leading role in the way we think and do things, he also point out that the idea of perception is the central role of the media. Besides that, media also affects a persons perspectives not only through television but at the same time through radio, newspaper and the internet (Devrani, 2008). A person cannot rely completely with the media because a person has to filter and critically analyze the situation before judging on something. It is also important to know that the media is able to influence our thinking and minds. With this is also explaining the reason why the media is so powerful to manipulate one persons mind (Tan, 2009). In parallel, the media influence the people on making the decision, the product s to buy, questions to ask and choices to make in the daily life (Angel, 2008). It is often use by the leaders to make full usage of the media to influence people and by controlling the media means controlling the flow of the communication among the society. Media Violence It seems like that the violence among children is growing rapidly in our society today. It happen almost every parts of the world but the question still remains a mystery. How do children develop to be so violent? Is violence genetically programmed in them even before they are born? It is possible to ever change their attitude again? In many cases, researchers found that nowadays, the entertainment media plays a powerful role in the formation of values and morals in children. For a variety of reasons, it is now time for a new assessment of what is known scienti?cally about how media violence affects young people and what can be done to mitigate these adverse effects. (C. A. Anderson et al, 2003). In the past few years, there has been an onset of school shootings, and many teenagers had been sacrificed. One of the examples is the Columbine High School massacre in Littleton, Colorado on April 20, 1999, which killed 13 people and wounded 23 others. The incident was committed by two students, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, which involved imitation of characters of video games. They both committed suicide after the tragedy. In other case, Cho Seung-Hui has been identified as the gunman responsible for the two Virginia Tech attacks that claimed 33 lives to become the deadliest shooting rampage in U.S. history in April 16, 2007. Chos inability to handle stress and the frightening prospect of being turned out into the world of work, finances, responsibilities, and a family, Cho chose to engage in a fantasy where he would be remembered as the savior of the oppressed, the downtrodden, the poor, and the rejected. The panel went further, stating that, His thought processes were so distor ted that he began arguing to himself that his evil plan was actually doing good. His destructive fantasy was now becoming an obsession (The Virginia Tech review panel, 2007). Media violence contributes in making the student to have such evil plan mentality with a heavy heart that this world is so terrible to live anymore. In many situations, it seems that minority groups are usually targeted. The teenagers who kill seem to feel that they are being shunned and made fun of by their fellow classmates. The feeling would soon developed into hatred and revenge, thus sparkle off any undesirable incidents. Some of these tragedies have led to the killers killing themselves at the end in search of peace of mind. Violence (homicide, suicide, and trauma) is a leading cause of death for children, adolescents and young adults, more prevalent than disease, cancer or congenital disorders (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2001). It is possible for those who are naturally aggressive to be the most affected by the media violent while the most vulnerable at the risk of increasing in aggressiveness (Gentile, 2004). Family history and background does contribute to the violence because when the children grow up in the aggressive family tends to behave more aggressive. Television Watching television is also one of the main factors contributing to the media violence on youth. By the time a child is eighteen years old, he or she will witness on television (with average viewing time) 200,000 acts of violence including 40,000 murders (Huston, et al, 1992). Williams (1970) have studied both before and after the television was introduced in a rural village in British Columbia where after two years the introduction of television, the violent incidents had increased by 160 percent. In?uences that promote aggressive behavior in young children can contribute to increasingly aggressive and ultimately violent behavior many years later. Therefore, it is important to recognize factors including media violence that, separately and together, may play a role in these outcomes in childhood (Huesmann Moise, 1998; Tremblay, 2000). In 2001, the Surgeon Generals conclude on youth violence that the media violence rises up youths physically and verbally aggressive behaviour in the short term rather than violent behaviour. According to the National Commission in 1969, television violence encourages violent forms of behavior that they do not propose that television is a primary cause of violence in society but they do propose that it is a causative factor. In 1993, American Psychological Association stated that there is totally no doubt that often watch violence on television are interconnected with increased of aggressive attitudes and increased aggressive behaviour. Other than that, in 1972, the Surgeon Generals Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior has set a television research impact on children. They have come out with the result that the evidence supports, a beginning and uncertain indication of a causal relation between viewing violence on television and aggressive behavior for some children who are prone to be aggressive. In July 2000, the, American Psychological Association, American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Medical Association, American Psychiatric Association, and American Academy of Family Physicians stated with a joint statement that over 1,000 studies point overpoweringly to make a connection in some children between media violence and aggressive behaviour. Video Games and Internet Games Most video games and internet online games nowadays would consist of violence or sexually elements and characteristics on the games to increase sales and popularity. Most of the youths seem to be indulged in the video gaming world until they apply the gaming world into the real life situation. Violent video games can cause people to have more aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and lessen sympathetic, helpful behaviours with peers. (Anderson, 2004; Gentile, 2003). In video game industry, particularly violence in general and sexual violence, the current trend is for gamers to be the bad guys. It creates acting out criminal fantasies in order to earn points for attacking and killing innocent passerby in the game. Even though these games are targeted for mature audiences but it is common and popular to be played by the teenagers. In the recent research about the video gamers by Anderson and Bushman (2001) shows that although the youth who only play the video games just few hours daily would also behave aggressively in the real world. By just playing the video games it can affect the youth negatively. This is a serious fact that cannot be ignored. According to Funk, Flores, Buchman, Germann (1999), the ratings provided by the video-game industry do not match with those provided by other adults and game-playing youngsters. The youngster and the adults totally disagree with the industry that has classified the cartoonlike character in many games as appropriates for general audiences. A study by Anderson et al. (2001), about a 14-year-old boy arguing that he has even killed somebody even though he has been playing video games for many years is indeed correct. Example for the 45-year-old two packets a day cigarette smoker also argues that he still does not have lung cancer. According to Anderson et al., both of them are wrong because their exposure to their respective risk factors of media violence and cigarettes has not unintentionally increased the likelihood of the people around them in future that one day suffers the consequences. Anderson and Dill (2000) also stated that violent video games may be more harmful than violent television and movies because they are interactive, very interesting and require the player to classify with the attacker. Anderson (2000) says, One major concern is the active nature of the learning environment of the video game. The exposures of the video games are potentially more dangerous than the exposure to television violence to ha ve significant effects on aggression and violence. (Anderson and Dill, 2000). In other meaning, playing video games may bring more significant violence effects on youths as they have the opportunities to be in the character and do the task in the games. Music Videos and Music Lyrics According to Waite, Hillbrand, and Foster (1992) says after the removal of Music Television (MTV) show a significant decrease of aggressive behavoiur on a forensic impatient ward. In 2003, Gentile, Linder, Walsh conducted a study on the fifth grade children where the children who watch MTV regularly reported to be involved into more physical fights compare to the children who do not watch MTV regularly. The regular MTV watcher also rated by their teachers is radically more aggressive and less prosocial. Music videos are also concern because these videos are sometimes stuffed with violence. The assumption of attitudes, behaviour and values portrayed in lyrics of the music that influence the young listeners on how to think and react received the most criticism from the public. (Carey, 1969; Christenson Roberts, 1998; Fedler, Hall, Tanzi, 1982; Roberts, Henriksen, Christenson, 1999). The songs and lyrics in the older days is totally different from now and the fact of the youths mind set also have change according to the pace of the society. Other the other hand, a group of mice were trained to run mazes in a high school science-fair experiments in where the group of mice were to put to listen to classical music, hard rock or no music. According to the student who perform the study says that the classical mice became faster in running the maze, whereas the hard rock mice became slower because the hard rock mice is killing each other while none of the classical mice did that (Eaton, 1997; Health, Wealth, Happiness, n.d.). Other than that, according to Rubin, West, and Mitchell (2001) stated that the college students who prefer heavy metal, rap or hip hop music are more aggressive than other students who prefer music such as country and pop where this bring a connection between the types of music youth listen and a broad range of troublesome attitudes and behaviours. The effects of media violence on youths Youths that often expose to the media violence tend not only behave aggressively but are more prone to have attitudes that support violence and aggression as a way of solving conflicts because the youths dun trust people around them and they view the world as a aggressive place. According to New Scientist ( 2007), by the time the average U.S. child starts elementary school he or she will have seen 8,000 murders and 100,00 acts of violence on TV. Besides that, Cyber (2006) says that after 15 years the researchers followed 329 subjects, they found that those who as children were exposed to violent TV shows were much more likely to later be convicted of crime. Researchers also state that, any children from any family regardless of social class or parenting can be affected by media violence. There is no word of escaping in the exposure of media violence because it is widely spread among the society and communities with the world. Girls who watched and expose more than an average amount of violence tended to throw things at their future husbands. In parallel, boys who grew up watching violent TV shows were more likely to be violent with their future wives (Cyber, 2006). Every violent TV show increases a little-bit the chances of a child growing up to behave more aggressively in their life. In the same way after many years looking for accumulated data, the society is now recognizing a relationship between violence in the media and social problems. According to Barry (2002), the one of her study result shows that tracked 700 male and female youths over a seventeen-year period showed a definite relationship between TV viewing habits and acts of aggression and crime in the later life. Barry (2006) also states that the findings of this study help strengthen the link between TV, violence and youths. This shows a relevant result in between the violence is connected with the youths from watching television. Perception of University Students Towards Media Violence and its Effect on Youths Murray (2002) says that media violence is one of the factors in contributing to forming of aggressive and antisocial behavoiur when a young boy becomes a young man. In a study Anderson, Carnagey, and Eubanks (2003) has reported that among 500 university students that violent music and lyrics increased the students aggressive thoughts, behaviours and hostile feelings. There are now good conclusion and practical reasons to expect perception and effects of media violence among the university students. According to Mortimer, 2005 (as cited in Caez, E, 2006) the students thinks that they may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others, they may become more fearful of the world around them, and they may be more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways towards others. According to Cantor and Harrison (1999), they found out that 138 university students have perceive frightening memories of media images still continued to disturb them after many years. Cantor and Harrison (1999) also states that over 90 percent of the university students have trouble to sleep and phobia in certain situations continued suffer due to the scary experience from images they viewed as a child. In a survey conducted by Gossellin, Guise and Paquette (1977) found out that among 360 university students perceive that the heavy television viewers are more likely to think and mostly believe that the world is a dangerous place and the viewers are not particularly scare of it. This shows that the students were not bothered by the violence around them and do not see there is anything wrong with the violence (Mortimer, 2005, as cited in Caez, E, 2006). In Mortimer, 2001(as cited in Caez, E, 2006) another research also found that the students who are fear of being a victim of violenc e would prefer to carry a weapon with them and has the mentality of behaving aggressively and plan to hurt the people before the people get hurt them. This shows that the universities students have the perception of protecting themselves is important rather than just sit there and wait for protection. Youths Media Violence in Malaysia There have been many reports of youth involved in the rapes, sex crimes, and extortion including stabbing of school childrens. In Malaysia, police statistics on these crimes indicate that they are on the rise (Loh, 2004). This media report arise the sense of panic, curious and anxiety among the citizens. The violence convicted by the youth in Malaysia becomes more serious nowadays. There are eight juveniles are charged in killing a 16 years old student in Seremban (Loh, 2004). In another case reported in The Star in 2004, a mother and her daughter were reportedly raped by two youths who had escaped from a nearby reform school in Jerantut. According to The Star (2010), mention that there is this article back in the year 2002, a 12 years old boy was charged for murdering his tuition teachers 11 years old daughter by hitting her with a hard object. As 12 years old boy, he might not even realize that his action can kill a girl. Other than that, The Star (2009) report that a 17 years old youth was charged in the Juvenile Court by intentionally hitting and attacking a policeman and two Rela officers. Besides that, there is also a 20 years old youth ran amok and stab his father to death while his elder brother with serious injuries in an article in The Star (2010). The Star (2007) review that the Deputy Youth and Sports Minister Datuk Liow Tiong Lai, it is very important for the youth and youngsters to know how to say no to violence at the National Youth Week. The media also hold an important role to play in investigating and reporting on media violence on youth. Moreover, the media is responsible to decrease the causes of crime but not contributing in increasing the media violence in Malaysia. Methodology Introduction Methodology can be explained as an appropriate method use to examine a field of study when conducting a research. Besides that, methodology also ensures that findings are relevant with the research questions in order to have discussion over the results before making a conclusion about the research. In this research, theoretical frameworks will be formed and tested, where as the quantitative research in primary research methods are planned. From there the methodology covers the research approach and preliminary layout of study that consists of the theoretical/conceptual framework, research questions, questionnaire design, statistic methods, analysis and finally with a conclusion. Quantitative Research Quantitative research is a category of research tools used when precise results are needed. The results are expressed in numbers or statistics form. There are two research form of quantitative which are survey questionnaire and content analysis. For this study, the survey questionnaire is designed to collect primary data. This method was chosen because survey questionnaire is more appropriate to be use in this research to find out the university students perception towards media violence and its effect on youths in Malaysia. Furthermore, this survey questioannaire method is not expensive, consuming less time, easy to collect data entry and the questionnaire can be design according to the research questions that at the same time suit to the target respondents mentality. The questionnaire will be printed out and send out to the target respondents for this study. Questionnaire Design The questionnaire is design according to the three research questions of this study. Each and every of the questions in the questionnaire must be able to relate back to the research questions which is about the perception of university students towards media violence and its effect on youths in Malaysia. It is important to know how the university students perceive this situation. Hence, this questionnaire is design to study the opinions, perceptions and experience of them on media violence. Structure of the questionnaire There will be four sections in this questionnaire where the section A consist of the target respondents demographics such as the gender, age, marital status and educational level while section B questions are on the university students perceptions, section C is about the media violence effects and the last section D emphasize on the impact of media violence on youths. Sampling Size The sample size of this research is 100 targeted to university students in Selangor state in Malaysia because there are quite a number of university in this area. All respondents are required to be honest with the answer and respond during the questionnaire is conduct to avoid inaccuracy of data collected. Methodological Limitation In this research study, there were few limitations in conducting this questionnaire survey. Limited time in conducting this survey has leads to the inaccurate of data collection. The small sample size due to time constraint has become one of the obstacles encountered because it is not representing the overall university students in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. In total, 100 questionnaires were distributed, a sum of 99 filled-out with valid responses was returned. Therefore, the effective response rate is 99%. Besides that, existing theories by the western researchers, might not be suitable apply into the Asian context. Findings and Analysis Introduction In this chapter, data collected from questionnaire are being converted into useful information to be interpreted. Findings and analyses are run to addressed the research objectives and answer the research questions. The intention of this chapter is to present the results of the questionnaire, as well as to offer interpretation of the findings and analysis related to the research questions. The findings is divided into three sections. Section A will be an overview of respondents profile. Section B reports the findings and analysis of the University students perception towards the effetcs of media violence on youths while the Section C report about the media violence affects on daily life among the respondents. Section D will be the impact of media violence on youths. The last part of this chapter is about analysis of the findings and comparison of the literature review with the data collected. Section A: Overview of Repondents Profile In total 100 copies of questionnaire has been distributed, total number of collection is 99 copies. This makes the response rate up to 99% of the solid respond from the respondents. There were total 99 were return, 53.5% of the respondents were male and 46.5% were female. With the total of 78 returned, 53.85% of the respondents were male and 46.15% were female. The result of the age population finding consist of 18-20 cover 7.1%, 21-23 group were 73.7% while 24-26 were 12.1% and the remaining group 27 and above consists of 7.1%. The age group of 21-23 has the highest percentage. The marital status of single consists the highest percentage with 98.98% compared to married only 1.01. The result for the respondents education level is degree holder and above with 70.29%, follow by advance diploma, 10.89%, STPM or A Level with 9.90%, certificate or diploma, 6.93% and the lowest is SPM with 0%. Respondents occupation as a students are the highest with 83.16% while 14.85% are employed. The monthly allowance below RM1000 had the highest percentage of 78.21% while 6.93% of respondents monthly allowance in the range of RM1000-RM1500 follows by 4.95% with allowance of RM150 1-RM2000. 2.97% respondents had allowance from RM3001-RM3500 and RM3501 and above. Only 1.98% is allocated for respondent who had the allowance of RM2501-RM3000. Section B: University students perception towards the effetcs of media violence on youths According to the chart above, the media violence still under control has the highest percentage with 46.46% follow by getting worse each day with 38.38% and the least is out of control,15.15%. By looking at the analysis above, the number of respondents voted videos games and internet games as the highest in affecting youths the most with 68 out of 99 respondents follow by the second highest is television with 37 votes and the affecting youths the least is music videos and lyrics. Most of the respondents agreed with 84.8% that what have shown in the television, videos games, songs and internet will lead the youths to observe and imitate the action and behavior into the real world while only 15.2% diagreed. As the analysis shows, there are only 35.4% of respondents says that they were affected by the media violence during their childhood while 64.6% were not affected. It is clearly stated on the chart above that there are 79.8% respondents agree that media violence increase the likeelihood of the crime rates among youths while only 20.2% disagree. Data collected shows that 55.6% repondents agreed that media violence can be avoided by involving less on the media such as television, videos games, songs and internet while 44.4% disagreed. Section C: Media Violence Affects on Daily Life among the Respondents Suprisingly, there are 69.7% of the respondents feel insecure with the society today due to the media violence where as only 30.3% doesnt feel insecure. this is mainly due to the fact that increasing of crime rates in the society over the years. Out of 99 respondents, there are 66 of the respondents with the highest vote that media violence has causes the culture change in the society follow by moral values are no longer practiced or applied in society ith 62 respondents, 44 of the respondents with the opinion of people in the society had become more violent and only 39 of the rerspondents with the violence has become a common word today. There 64.6% of the respondents answered that they were no affected by media violence during their teenage life while only 35.4% of the respondents is affected. The above chart is clearly states that out of 35 respondents, there are 23 were affected because they will imitate the actions, follow by 8 of the respondents behave rudely in their life and the least is the factor of being more exposure to the media violence in their life with only 4 respondents. The highest factors why respondents does not have their teenage life affected with 31 out of 64% of the respondents is self discipline. Less exposure is the second highest factors with 25 respondents, follow by 4 respondents of strong family values, 2 with right exposure. Healthy lifestyles and censorship on media have the same number with only 1 respondents. Section D: Impact of Media Violence on Youths The chart above indicates that youths are engaged in more violent activities has the highest votes with 40 out of 99 respondents. Second highest is youths nowadays prefer challenging and violent games, movies and etc with 24 respondents follow by youths behave more westernize with 22 respondents and the least is youths will grow up traumatized with only 13 repondents. It is clearly stated on the chart above that 93.9% of the respondents think that the youths today is not as innocent as compare to last time while only 6.1% didnt think that way. Out of 99 respondents, only 6 respondents are as innocent as last time. The only reason respondents give is youths cannot differentiate between right and wrong which makes them is still as innocent as last time. Analysis In this research, table 4.2 have shown the demographics of the respondent can be controlled because the questionnaire is targetted to the university students around the Selangor state. Besides, anonymous respondents from various unversity around Selangor state participating to the questionnaire is vital to minimise biasness. The questionnaires survey were distributed to selected target respondents on random universities in the Selangor state through convenient sampling. A near to equal balance of both gender respondents were tested in the survey. The age group of 21-23 has the highest percentage because most of the university students were among that age. Most of the respondents are university students who are not married yet. The degree holder and above had the highest percentage because this indicates that the target repondents are university students. Respondents occupation as a students are the highest because they are full time students while those who tick employed due to the fact they are working and studying part time at the same time. This demographic value is said to be interrelated with economic status which involves respondents monthly income and occupation Thus, the monthly allowance below RM1000 had the highest percentage also indicates the respondents are students with no income yet. The money probably is from the loan or parents. In Section B, the result shows in figure 4.3 that the respondents believe that the media violence in Malaysia is still under control and has not reach to the level out of control. Looking at the findings in figure 4.3.1, the impression of videos games and internet games had the most effect on youth is due to the fact that the games nowaday is indeed very violent compared to the last time. The violent games requires the players to kill in order to proceed. Practise of these games make the players enjoy the experience and behave violently. The results of the survey had the same results with literature review where Anderson and Dill, 2000 stated that the exposures of the video games are potentially more dangerous than the exposure to television violence to have significant effects on aggression and violence. Television at second place because most of the respondents believe most of the violent in the television programmes are censored in Malaysia while music videos and lyrics doesnt hav e the impact as big as videos games and internet games and television to influence Malaysian. According to figure 4.3.2, everything that have shown in the media is obviously will make youths curious and wanted to imintate the actions and behavior without knowing the consequences of their actions and behaviour. There is these phrase can apply in this analysis is Curiosity Kills the Cat. Furthermore, this findings can relate it to the Social Learning Theory where people learn to observe the behavior, imitate and identification. As the analysis shows in figure 4.3.3, it can be conclude that most the Malaysian is not affected by media violence during their childhood because during childhood they are still very innocent. Besides, according to Devrani, 2008 in literature review, the duty of media is to inform, entertain and also educate the people in the society. It is clearly stated on the figure 4.3.4 that media really does contribute to the increasing of crime rates among youths because the violence shows in the media will imitates their actions and behaviors and apply it into the real world. Compare with literature review, Tan, 2009 says that media is so powerful to manipulate one persons mind. Data collected in fugure 4.3.5 shows that limits the time on media could avoid uneccesary violent because the amount of time spend is limited compare to those without limitation will definitely shows significant result. Comparison with literature review, it shows the same results where watching or viewing more than an average amount of time on media will tend to behave aggressively in their life. In Section C, figure 4.4 shows that many killing, raping, robbery and violent happen everyday in the community. This finding also compatible with the literature review because according to Loh, 2004, police statistics indicates that theses crimes are on the rise in Malaysia. The findings in figure 4.4.1 shows a significant of differences between culture change and violence has become a common word a common word today because changing of culture in our society really plays an important impact in our life. For example, cinemas in Malaysia is screening more violent movies compare to last time. The Influence of media in the daily life is significant because according to Devranr, 2008, media shape lives and the societys lives will not be completed witout media. This shows that media indeed has the abilities to form a new culture among the society. Findings in figure 4.4.2 respondents were not affected by media violence during their teenage life is due to lack of exposure towards media violence among the respondents. The charts below show how the respondents teenage life is affected and why the respondents teenage life is not affected by the mdia violence. The figure 4.4.3 clearly states that although the percentages of respondents being affected by media violence during their teenage life is lesser than not affected but it still can apply the Social Learning theory. Human tend to learn through observation, imitation and finally identification from the media. In figure 4.4.4, Malaysian society indeed still uphold the practice of self discipline where it is the highest factors the respondents is not affected by media violence, where the less exposure is because hectic study environment in the secondary school life in Malaysia does not allow much exposure of media violence among the respondents. By this, it also relates the factor of having the right exposure makes the respondents is less expose to the unwanted media violence. Strong family values, healthy lifestyles and censorship on media also contribute to the factors because of the these three are still common in Malaysia. In literature review, a person cannot rely completely with the media because a person has to filter and critically analyze the situation before judging on something which is compatible with the data collected. In Section D, figure 4.5 indicates that youths are engaged in more violent activities has the highest votes because the crime rates is increasing each year while youths will grow up traumatized has the least votes because youths in Malaysia grow up normally and did not have any specific phobia in them. It is also fit with wat had stated in literature review that any children from any family regardless of social or parenting can be affected by media violence. It is clearly stated in the figure 4.5.1 that there is a big significant difference in the result because it is very obvious that the newer generation of today is expose more to the media more than the older generation. The older generation doesnt have the opportunity to enjoy the technology in todays society. Moreover, shows that the finding is parallel with the literature review because according to Anderson et al, 2003, stated that the entertainment media plays a powerful role in the formation of values and morals in children. The media can be explain to have the ability to influence the thinkings and minds which indirectly contribute making the youths is not as innocent as last time. Finally, in figure 4.5.2, it shows that there are respondents who perceive the youths today are still naive about what is black and white. Discussion and Conclusion Discussion In this report, there are all together divided into five chapters were each chapters give another step of progress of this study on Perception of University Students Towards Media Violence and its Effect on Youths in Malaysia. It is an interesting topic to study on because each and every one will go or gone through the stage in their life. The university students in Malaysia are the future leaders for the country and their perception towards the media violence on youths are indeed crucial for the development of the country. First chapter is mainly about the introduction of the background study which is media violence follow by problem statement of the study then definition of term is about explaining the specific term in the research title. The purpose of the study came after that with the reason of why this research is conducted. When the purpose of the study is clear, the research questions are nevertheless because the finding of the study must be able to answer the research questions set earlier. In theoretical framework, Social Learning Theory has been chosen for this research because this theory is perfectly fit between this study and the society. Second chapter is all the information for literature review that is related to the research. The literature review is starts with the importance of media and then focus on media violence which has divided into three specific areas consist of television, videos games internet games, music videos lyrics. Slowly it goes into the effect of media violence on youths follow by university students perception and its effect on youths and lastly about youths media violence in Malaysia where some evidences are shown. Methodology is in chapter three where the method use in the research is clearly stated and explains. The quantitative research has been conducted because it is able to get the perception of the university students with questionnaire survey. Structure of the questionnaire and sampling size is plainly gives the idea of how the survey is conducted. After that, the methodology limitations are visibly explained to avoid any bias of data collecting. Besides, there is recommendation and suggestions were given in hope of future to have a more credible and solid research done on this topic. Findings and analysis is fall under chapter four that consist of the result of data collected from the questionnaire survey. The findings are clearly shown in the illustrated charts follow by explanations of the data. Under the chart and findings, there are analyses that explain the differences and similarities of the data collected and of course, compare it with literature review whether the data relates or not. Recommendation and Suggestions In Malaysia, the study of media violence can still be improved by the future researchers and students to add further insights into this area. The deeper the knowledge about this topic can help the country understand more about the issue by taking efficient steps in handling the issues. This is because the western study about this topic sometimes it might not be relevant to the Asian context. The media and violence is closely link together. Any form of violence indirectly it can be link to the media. Therefore it is suggested to develop a more precise study on media violence in the context of Asian people to address the issue of different cultures and values. The future researchers are encouraged to concentrate more on finding the solutions in the media violence on youth. Conclusion In conclusion, the significant findings of this whole research are the university students perception towards media violence effect on youth is still under control in Malaysia. Most of the university students childhood and teenage life are not affected by the media violence. The impact of media violence on youth is obvious when most of them perceive youths today are not as innocent as last time. In their opinion, youths today prefer challenging and violence games, movies and songs. Even though, most of the people can see the only weaknesses of this matter but come to think of it, the media is making the youths these days to develop their critical thinking skills. Youths are getting smarter and smarter each day with their learning ability is absorb faster to the older generation. Changes in life are a must in order to stay alive in the never stop world. It only matter when the changes are actually bringing more harm or benefits to the society. 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This questionnaire will take less than 15 minutes to finish. Please tick the answer according to your opinion. Thank you for your co-operation and participation.