Community Policing Problem in the United States Free Essays

Many reports from newspapers and journals claim that community policing is increasing in popularity across the United States. However there are also numerous reports that point out that community policing is not a panacea for all social ills. While community policing is in theory a very effective way of combating crime, yet in reality there are many practical problem that have to be overcome. We will write a custom essay sample on Community Policing Problem in the United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now Community policing is generally seen as a system of policing that requires optimum cooperation between the police force and the public so that the most effective methods of crime prevention and apprehension can be employed. A definition from the California Attorney General’s Office is a as follows: â€Å"Community policing is a philosophy, management style, and organizational strategy that promotes pro-active problem solving and police-community partnerships to address the causes of crime and fear as well as other community issues.† In a theoretical and ideal sense community policing is, †¦ a collaborative effort between the police and the community that identifies problems of crime and disorder and involves all elements of the community in the search for solutions to these problems. It is founded on close, mutually beneficial ties between police and community members.† (About Community Policing) However there are many problems area that have to be practically dealt with in order to ensure that community policing actually lives up to these ideals. One aspect that comes to the fore when discussing this problem is that the entire concept of this form of law and order enforcement and management lies in the integration between the police and the community. One of the specific problems encountered concerns a reticence on the part of some police officers to fully participate in this symbiotic relationship. As one study puts this problem: â€Å"While community policing promises an expansion of the professional role which will be appealing to many police officers, it also requires experimentation with major changes in the way in which officers and their departments think about and organize their work.† (Riley J. 1997) The effective implementation of community policing often requires fundamental changes in the way police offers have traditionally thought about their work and the way that many police department are organized. This also implies that the strict hierarchical structure of many police departments also has to be changed to align itself with the demands of a closer cooperation with the community. All of these changes are often initially difficult to implement and an integration period is often necessary. This often necessitates that, Police departments must convince their patrol officers that it makes sense for them to take community policing seriously, if a successful transition is to take place. In this context, administrative decisions about organization, resource allocation, and the promotion of individual officers shape the understanding of patrol officers in important ways.† Adjustment problems may also take place from the point of view of the community. This is especially the case with minority communities, where prior suspicions and misunderstandings about new forms of policing may arise. However, it is mainly in the area of planning and organization, which are crucial elements in the implementation of effective community policing, that problems occur. â€Å"Problems associated with planning and coordination which characterizes the beginning of any organizational change was among the most frequently expressed concerns of the officers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (ibid) In a study by John Riley entitled Community Policing: Perspectives from the Field, it was found that many officers felt that there was a â€Å"lack of direction† in the move towards community policing. (ibid) Another potential practical problem that has been encountered is that the policing area may be very large and therefore require more officers than would normally be the case in conventional policing activities. . â€Å"†¦ it takes a whole lot more cops to do community -presence work. Suburban counties are often big.† (Reed 2) A further aspect that has been mentioned in many reports is that if community policing does not function optimally then the blame may be directed to the police force, making the situation more difficult and complex than before. â€Å"If community policing is not able to accomplish a solution to all the communities’ problems, it could easily become the scapegoat for an array of community related problems.† (Community-Oriented Policing: Blessing Or Curse?) The above are only a few of the most important issues that face community policing. While this method of law enforcement is ideal in that it optimizes the most effective relationship between the community and the police force yet, in the initial stages, it can present many practical and logistical problems. However, once these problems have been overcome, community policing often proves to be a highly effective form of law enforcement. 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Business Analytics Finance and Human Resource

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Analytics for Finance and Human Resource. Answer: Introduction Making a sound decision in an organization is the core to the business success. A decision needs to be evidence based judgment so that the business data can be used to understand the past, current business situations, and the future. That is, business analytics is one of the most utilized strategy in business to make data-driven decisions (Stubbs, 2011, p. 7). This scholar also stipulates that organizations have the ability to save quite a massive amount of data. These data can be used to understand the trends, the past business performance as well as project the future. Moreover, business future plans are designed using the industry statistics. Statistics approaches are used to mathematically represent data and using other relevant methodology to explore the business data. Therefore, business analytics are important in different areas like marketing, operations, finance, and human resource (Sharda et al., 2014). Provost Fawcett, (2013) impressively gave some of the fundamental basics that need to be understood before data analysis process. The scholar stipulates that data can be used, but gives a bad information if wrong statistical methods are used. Importantly, the business analysts should incorporate stringent controls to reduce statistical anomalies as a result of methodological rigor. That is, the analyst should ensure that data are validated, stored correctly and appropriately to avoid corruption. Importance of Business Analytics Rouse, (2010) states that business analytics is important as it helps the business to answer a couple of questions like; why a situation occurred? Can it happen again? What are the consequences of changing a variable say ? And also other important information derived from data that people never thought to ask. To answer these questions data explorations, need to be performed. That is, data mining, quantitative data analysis, predictive/regression modeling, and multivariate testing commonly referred as a test of hypothesis. (Stubbs, 2011, p. 4) States every business is unique. This uniqueness makes them competitive in their own right, and an organization should use this to create a competitive advantage through capitalizing on what makes them unique. This can ONLY be achieved through massive investment in their unique resources; their data (Stubbs, 2011, p. 4). Through statistical approach and data management business are able to secure their future. Definitions of Analytics Ecosystem There are some of the common business analytical terms that are used more often. In accordance with (Evans, Lindner, 2012) descriptive analytics give summaries of data and transforms the summaries into meaningful charts and reports. A good example of this is a company that sells five types of beverages in Australia, and the sales department came up with the following summary. Figure 1: Beverages sales in Australia This summary indicates that Cottees drink is the most popular among the Australian people. Also, the statistics suggest that Golden Circle is least sold and maybe there is a need to improve the sales through advertisement or other favorable sales promotion strategies. Predictive analytics revolve around the development of models using past records that can be used to predict the future outcomes of the firm (Waller Fawcett, 2013). In fact, (Patil and Davenport, 2012) showed how sexy or beautiful it is to use predictive analytics and big data to make an important decision that affects the future of the business. Take an example of a public organization that has been keeping the return of the company for the previous twenty years (from 1995). These data can be used to develop a regression model that can be used to predict the future values in a certain year with a particular level of certainty. Figure 2: Returns ('000,000) against Time The plot indicates that the fitted model can explain 89.7% sources of variation of returns. The plot also shows that there is a positive linear relationship between return and time. Prescriptive analytics is one of the powerful statistical approaches that organizations use to optimize the outcomes of the firm. The core process of prescriptive analytics is to identify the best alternatives to minimize or maximize some objectives (Evans, 2012, p. 5). A bank uses this strategy to determine the optimal amount of money in an ATM. This approach determines the number of commodities that need to be produced to maximize the profit, and the number of workers that are required to minimize expenditure. Also, this approach can be used by firms to determine the course of action in case of disaster or any other unforeseen situation. In conjunction with mathematical and statistical techniques, prescriptive analytics can be used to make a decision taking into account uncertainty nature of the data. Halo Blog, Descriptive, Predictive, and Prescriptive Analytics Explained, (2016, May) states that prescriptive analytics goes beyond the commonly used predictive and descriptive analy tics as it recommends one or various course of action to remedy or optimize the objective(s). However, this approach is complex, and most of the institutions have not adopted it in their decision-making process. Business performance management (BPM) is fundamental and can be considered as cornerstones of business success. As (Stubbs, 2011, p. 12) say it, the most important part of the firm analytics is identifying the insights which are valuable given the organizations strategy and technical objectives. Therefore, the organization requires proper skills to manage all the processes within the organization and adopt a data collection habit. This will help the firm to come up with strategies to build competitive advantage. Business Analytics Implementation Plan Businesses are eager to implement the business analytics plan to enjoy higher revenues and at the same time reduce the cost. There are a number of issues facing the implementation like; mapping process of the organizations objectives, understanding the data, availability of resources, budget, and planning. The article by BusinessVibes, (2014) urges that five steps can be used in implementing the business analytics plan. First, the organization needs to identify the business problem, which should use quantitative results to solve the issue at hand. For instance, when an organization wants to solve problems associated with production, market returns they can adopt business analytics approach to resolve the problems (BusinessVibes, 2014). This strategy involves monitoring, capturing, and analyzing the business operation performance and writing reports on the results. Thus, the starting point of the implementation is identifying the business problem. The second step involves determining appropriate metric and analysis technique that aligns with the organizations needs. The analysts also should select the best statistical tools like SPSS, Minitab, Stata among others to analyze data as well as creating visualizations. The third step is collecting the data, which should be of high quality and integrity. The data collected should be in a position to make a projection, help understands the past, and display vital information about the business. The fourth step is the data analysis which exclusively tries to draw an insight about the data. This can be illustrated in econometric modeling, trend analysis, data distribution or deviations, or regression modeling used to adopt strategic business decisions (BusinessVibes, 2014). The last step is the reporting of the results obtained. The recommendations are drawn from the results obtained, which help to propel the business returns forward. As a result, the organization achieves the objective s and at the same time gain competitive advantage. Despite, efforts of organizations in implementing the business analytics in the decision-making process, there are still some drawbacks facing the implementation process. The first problem is the cross-organization collaboration which focuses on incorporating the customers information into the system and then solving the problem as a whole (IÃ…Å ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±k, 2013, p. 14). The key point is to address the issue of the customer so that they can be paid. The second challenge is business sponsors and how they are recruited and integrated into the system. Also, obtaining the right team to perform the organizations mandates to achieve the set objectives is another challenge. The data management is also another drawback that might hinder the development and implementation of the business analytics. This process requires a significant amount of data from most, if not all departments and this may be a challenge as some may be uncooperative, resulting in incomplete records or inaccurate inf ormation. The next issue that might face the implementation of the business analytics is the length of time required to collect vital data that can be used in the system. Therefore, it might take time before full integration of this scheme in the decision-making process. Conclusion Decision-making process using evidence-based strategies is imperative in a number of ways. That is, it can help business analysts understand why things are happening, predict what will happen next, and come up with the best possible solution(s). The business analytics have been seen having some characteristics like; they depend on data, utilizes different mathematical methods to transform, analyze and summarize raw data. The summaries can help me in the form of graphs, and tables. The business analytics are vital as they add value to the raw data, and essential information or knowledge can be drawn. Despite the challenges companies faces when adapting this technique, there has been a great achievement. A lot has been done to incorporate it into the decision-making process so that firms can get a sound judgment of the situations. References BusinessVibes. (2014). 5 Steps to Implementing Business Analytics for Small Business. Retrieved September 26, 2016, from https://www.business2community.com/small-business/5-steps-implementing-business-analytics-small-business-0924778#if8wdjixrcrctvmb.97 Descriptive, Predictive, and Prescriptive Analytics Explained. (2016, May). Retrieved September 26, 2016, from https://halobi.com/2016/07/descriptive-predictive-and-prescriptive-analytics-explained/ Evans, J.R., and Lindner, C.H., 2012. Business analytics: the next frontier for decision sciences. Decision Line, 43(2), pp.4-6. IÃ…Å ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±k, ., Jones, M.C. and Sidorova, A., 2013. Business intelligence success: The roles of BI capabilities and decision environments. Information Management, 50(1), pp.13-23. Patil, T.H. and Davenport, D.J., 2012. Data Scientist: The Sexiest Job of the 21st Century. Harvard Business Review. Provost, F., and Fawcett, T., 2013. Data Science for Business: What you need to know about data mining and data-analytic thinking. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.". Roldan, A. (2010). Implementing Business Analytics. Retrieved September 26, 2016, from https://atomai.blogspot.co.ke/2010/05/implementing-business-analytics.html Rouse, M., 2010. What is business analytics (BA)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. Retrieved September 26, 2016, from https://searchbusinessanalytics.techtarget.com/definition/business-analytics-ba Sharda, R., Delen, D., Turban, E., Aronson, J. and Liang, T.P., 2014. Business Intelligence and Analytics: Systems for Decision Support-(Required). Prentice Hall. Stubbs, E., 2011. The value of business analytics: Identifying the path to profitability (Vol. 43). John Wiley Sons. Waller, M.A. and Fawcett, S.E., 2013. Data science, predictive analytics, and big data: a revolution that will transform supply chain design and management. Journal of Business Logistics, 34(2), pp.77-84.

Good News Regarding Vouchers and School Choice Arg Essay Example For Students

Good News Regarding Vouchers and School Choice Arg Essay umentative Persuasive EssaysGood News Regarding School Choice Good News v. Milford is very good news indeed for advocates of school vouchers and faith-based organizations (FBOs). The Supreme Courts 6-3 decision upholding the right of a Christian youth group to meet in public schools after class hours is a significant signal of the Courts willingness to treat religious organizations and viewpoints on an evenhanded basis. In 1992, Milford Central School in New York State enacted a community use policy outlining purposes for which its building could be used after school. Under the policy, district residents could use the school for instruction in any branch of education, learning, or the arts. The school was also to be made available for social, civic, and recreational meetings and entertainment events, and other uses pertaining to the welfare of the community, provided that such uses shall be nonexclusive and shall be opened to the general public. Several district residents who sponsored the local Good News Club-a private, voluntary Christian organization for children ages six to twelve-submitted a request to the interim superintendent of the district, seeking to hold the Clubs weekly after-school meetings in the school cafeteria. They were excluded, however, because their proposed use-to have a fun time of singing songs, hearing a Bible lesson, and memorizing Scripture-was the equivalent of religious worship. The school authorities claimed that such a meeting was prohibited by the rules that forbid the school from being used by any individual or organization for religious purposes.(1) The Court, per Justice Clarence Thomas, found Milford to have created a limited public forum-in essence, a standing invitation to use public property for the designated purposes. When the state establishes a limited public forum, the state is not required to and does not allow persons to engage in every type of speech. However, said the Court, the states power to restrict speech is not without limits. Such restriction must not discriminate against speech on the basis of viewpoint, and the restriction must be reasonable in light of the purpose served by the forum.(2) Relying upon two earlier but more narrowly written opinions, the Court found the school district to have discriminated against the proposed religious speech in Good News. In Lambs Chapel v. Center Moriches (1993), the Justices held that a school district violated the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment when it excluded a private group from presenting films at the school based solely on the films discussions of family values from a religious perspective. Likewise, in Rosenberger v. Rector (1995), the Court held that a universitys refusal to fund a student publication because the publication addressed issues from a religious viewpoint violated the Free Speech Clause. The majority concluded that Milfords exclusion of the Good News Club based on its religious nature was indistinguishable from the exclusions in these cases, and held that it constituted viewpoint discrimination. The result in Good News is significant for what the Court refused to do: namely, indulge the notion that some protected religious speech is too religious. The Court expressly disagreed with the idea that something that is quintessentially religious or decidedly religious in nature cannot also be characterized properly as the teaching of morals and character development from a particular viewpoint. Said the Court: What matters for purposes of the Free Speech Clause is that we can see no logical difference in kind between the invocation of Christianity by the Club and the invocation of teamwork, loyalty, or patriotism by other associations to provide a foundation for their lessons. (3) Federal judges are expected to play many roles, but attempting to differentiate between religiously informed moral instruction and unambiguously religious practice or instruction is not comfortably one of them. Indeed, even contemplating such distinctions is theologically perilous, for while some religions treat ethics and religion as distinct subjects, the adherents of many mainstream religions of the West (including Judaism and Christianity) hold ethics and religion to be inseparable. The lower court had presupposed that morality is independent from divine will, but that is not so for many believers. Indeed, had the Supreme Court not disavowed that specious notion, it would have rightly been seen as improperly taking sides over religious doctrine. Hackers EssayS. Treasury. As noted above, the Court has moved away from using the Establishment Clause to invalidate monies disbursed evenhandedly to a broad range of competing groups, religious and nonreligious alike, but why invite trouble by having disbursement come from R. Barry Bureaucrat, rather than John Q. Public? It is likely this direct delivery of funds that explains the Houses unfortunate censorship of FBOs, which itself is constitutionally dubious. And whether or not it is, it certainly invites all kinds of burdensome federal auditing and entanglement, along with subtle pressures on churches to modify their teachings as an implied grant condition. The way out of this morass is not to abandon the creative social service potential of FBOs, but rather to fund them indirectly. Simply allowing taxpayers an enhanced tax credit for donations to the FBO of their choice would eliminate any residual church-state questions. The House measure appropriately expanded deductibility for charitable giving in general. The Senate should complete this work by providing a credit specifically for FBO donations. The case for school vouchers is also strengthened by Good News. The Court is presently being petitioned to review the constitutionality of a school voucher or scholarship program that makes taxpayer education funds available to low-income families seeking to avoid the troubled Cleveland schools. Contrary to favorable voucher rulings in Wisconsin, Arizona, and Illinois, the lower federal courts struck down the Cleveland program because the public schools refused to actively participate in the voucher program, even though the law authorized them to do so. The absence of public participants troubled the lower courts, since it effectively meant that only private religious schools received vouchers in Cleveland. An important side note in the Good News decision suggests that this should make no difference. The Court observed that when a public benefit is offered for actual use by groups presenting any viewpoint, the Court would not find an Establishment Clause violation simply because only groups presenting a religious viewpoint have opted to take advantage of the benefit at a particular time. In other words, the fact that only private religious schools have cared enough about the educational fortunes of the least advantaged children cannot be used against them. After all, the law should not be structured so that there is a preferential option against the poor. WORKS CITED: (1) Supreme Court Decisions http://supct.law. cornell.edu/supct/html/99-2036.ZO.html (2)Ibid. (3) Ibid.

Effect of technology on society an Example of the Topic Economics Essays by

Effect of technology on society Introduction It is a well known proverb that change is the only constant in this world. One of the most important catalysts of change in the history of mankind is technology. Rapid progress in technology has been at the forefront of driving sociological change. In the middle ages in Europe, technological progress came to a grinding halt and social change with it. But with the beginning of the industrial revolution in England, technological advancements resumed and so did sociological change. Thus the effect that technology has on society cannot be ignored. Need essay sample on "Effect of technology on society" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Technology may have a favorable impact on society Two of the technological advancements in the 20th century, driven by the blistering pace of progress in computer technology, were the development of information technology and automation. The reason that information technology is called as such is because it facilitates the availability of information by means of the internet. Today the role that the internet plays in the lives of everyone in the west is larger than life. Almost all daily transactions are conducted online through the internet. The internet has also given rise to the development of the e-commerce model. The e-commerce model became really popular with the tremendous success of Amazon.com. There are many benefits that the e-commerce business model enjoys over the traditional business model. For example, businesses which are selling their products and services online do not have to set up brick-and-mortar facilities. This means that these businesses selling their products and services online do not incur costs at the sam e level that their competitors doing things the traditional way incur. This allows companies like Amazon to lower their prices of the end products. Because the internet lowers the cost of doing business to such an extent, it makes those businesses which are doing their buying and selling online extremely price competitive. While this has a highly positive effect on the bottom line of the online companies, its impact on the society as a whole is nothing to complain about. Customers have no reason to complain about lower prices. It is common knowledge that the lion's share of the customers put considerations of price in front of all else. As a result, the e-commerce model is proving highly beneficial to both suppliers and consumers in the economy. The fact that the internet has become one of the most profitable ways of doing business is made apparent by the statistics which reveal that companies are hiring software engineers more than ever. Recruitment of software engineering students is up by 20% this year (Quote sheet 1). In fact, taking business operations online is no longer a choice. It is a matter of survival. Migration online has become the consultants' favorite costs-cutting tool. As a result even businesses which do not sell their products and services online are taking some of their operations online. The advantages to be gained from taking business operations online are timely information availability and avoidance of redundant data entry. There are many businesses for example with large scale operations which are highly departmentalized. As a result, transfer of information from one department to another becomes an issue. Paper-based operations in a highly departmentalized company like this inevitably lead to the r ecording of the same information and delayed availability of that information to other departments. For example, in a large auto-manufacturing concern, the sales department might get a customer query for a particular model and make of a car. If all the operations in this company are strictly paper-based, then there is no way for the sales executive to answer the query immediately which is what the customer needs. This is because the information that the sales executive has on paper is not real time. Perhaps he received the update an hour ago since when the model in question may have been sold. The scenario outlined above happens all too often in the real world. This scenario may be avoided if the operations of the company have been taken online so that relevant information is transferred to respective departments immediately. As a result our favorite sales executive can see immediately with the click of a mouse whether inventory has the model that the customer is looking for. These are line operations. Staff operations like HR are also being taken online so that as soon as a new employee joins the company, his details and employment status are captured in the employee information database. From the employee information database, the information is immediately made available for recording attendance, leave and payroll purposes. This saves the company a substantial amount of money as the management can afford not to hire additional manpower to make these recordings. Back to the HR example, the employee information database determines which employee is entitled to what type o f leave and the system accordingly calculates the payroll information. This is an example of automation. Calculating payroll for example is a highly repetitive task, something that a computer system with the right kind of programming can be made very efficient at. It also saves costs substantially, freeing up organizational resources to be focused on line operations. Taking operations online as indicated above also facilitates storage of information (Vago 34). When the system has been taken online, customer information is recorded at many touch points and they are instantly made available to those departments which need those information. This allows the company to record purchase patterns of different product categories. Such information centering around purchase patterns can be of immense value inasmuch as it spurs innovation which in turn benefits the society to a significant extent. Innovations are made keeping the society's needs in view. Therefore one of the most important tasks for the management of a company is to determine which products features the society tends to embrace and which it tends to reject. The only way for the management to make that determination is to collect information and the process of collecting information can be very resource intensive. However if the management had decided to implement a package like Enterprise R esource Planning earlier which since installation had been capturing the purchase patterns and the demographic details of its purchasing public, then that additional investment in collecting information is no longer required. All the management has to do now is research the data that is already available. Even in this respect, there are intelligent computer systems that can sift through the data and create charts and graphs depicting demand saving the management additional time and money. This benefits not just the management of that company, but also the society as a whole. On the one hand, it enables the management to develop and market products that the society is most eager to buy, helping the bottom line substantially to say the least. On the other hand, the society gets a better quality of products and services to its satisfaction. There is a well known saying that all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Advancements in technology have made sure that men and women do not have to work all the time so that they can live a little. Technological advancements have made intelligent automation at work more than feasible thus freeing up considerable time and money which might directly belong to the company but which in the ultimate analysis belong to the society. Automation speeds up business operations so that the management can go home early, take more vacations and spend more time with their families. The management also has more money to spend on holiday plans and not get stressed out. Clearly the quality of life is much more enhanced for no other reason than that technology has taken over. Technological effect may not be all favorable So far a lot of arguments have been made in favor of technology. However the situation is hardly that simple. Science fiction books and movies have pointed out time and again how too many advancements in technology can take over the world and make man its slave. This is of course science fiction material and so not to be treated too seriously. However the signs of technology driving man to his own destruction are already apparent. Weapons of mass destruction can wipe out the entire human race and all life on earth in a matter of seconds. However the destructive effects of technological advancements are much closer to home. As has been mentioned before, automating different work processes has become a brilliant method of cutting costs and enhancing profits. As a result businesses no longer need manpower as much as it used to in the past. In the last 20 years robotic industry has become multi billionaire industry and its growth rate is very high due to its many applications in manufact uring an automotive industry (Quote sheet 1). This shows plainly enough that while the development of robotic applications can be of immense value, such as lowering of investments in time and money, it also has a darker side in that robotic applications are replacing human beings. This is one of the biggest sources of unemployment problems. Therefore, while technology is making life easier and more fun at home for every Tom, Dick and Harry, it is also chipping away at their job security. In this way, rapid progress in technology can make a large chunk of the human resources of a country totally redundant. These people will no longer have jobs and will have to rely on the government for their living. Even a cursory examination of the above reveals that technological advancements can throw the society into a terrible vicious circle from which there may be no escape. In the current world order, capitalism has proved to be the most efficient means of allocating resources. However capitalism values profit maximization above all else. Therefore companies are forced to do everything in their power to lower costs and one of the most effective tools at their disposal, as mentioned before, is the application of automation. However the application of automation also means that a lot of people will have to go unemployed. Robotic applications do not have to be paid costly salaries and wages and they do the job they were made to do just as efficiently if not more. Therefore, the management of a company would never think of hiring human resources if an alternative of robotic applications exists. Therefore a lot of human resources that the management previously considered invaluable to its oper ations are suddenly made redundant. The employees are suddenly faced with the possibility of no more pay checks in the future. Suddenly families which were enjoying life so much as a result of the facilities provided by technological progress find themselves simply not in a position to pay the bills. Of course young workers can train themselves to become software engineers and find new jobs. Unfortunately thre is only a little bit of hoe for adult learners to imrove thir technological skills with th rising costs of education nd th lack of government rograms available to thm (Quote Sheet 1). And because they were made to let go without prior warning and therefore do not have savings, they do not have the money with which to pay the bills required anyway to enroll in training programs. So now it is up to the government to make massive payments in building and installing massive training facilities. This means that the whole point of capitalism is lost if as a result of capitalist prac tices, the government has to support millions of unemployed people. This turns into a vicious circle because more unemployed people, created by technology, mean reduced purchasing capacity of the economy as a whole so that the company automates more as a means of cutting costs. This only means the company has to let go of even more people and so it goes on and on. An extended analysis of the above clearly reveals a trend whereby technological progress seems to widen the disparity between the rich and the poor. On the one hand, the management is getting richer and richer because automation is doing most of the work for them more efficiently and more cost effectively. On the other hand, the poor are getting poorer because they are finding their skills outmoded. Th digital economy is comelling emloyers to give referential hiring treatment to those who have technology skills, nd leave those with out to rely on our already strained social services (Quote sheet 1). Th danger of th information age is that while in th short run it may be cheaer to relace workers with technology, in th long run it is otentially self-destructive because thre will not be enough urchasing ower to grow th economy (Quote sheet 1). Therefore the effects of technology on society are far from benign. A lot of people are losing their jobs because of globalization and globalization is also the result of advancements in communications technology (Kenneth 24). Because it is no longer a problem for businesses located on opposite ends of the earth to be in constant touch, businesses in America are moving en masse to China. As a result, thousands of people in the manufacturing industry are losing their jobs. Technology, in this case, instead of enhancing the quality of life, is destroying it. Conclusion Technology and society are intertwined inexplicably. A lot of social progress that has been made in the last hundred years has been as a direct result of technological progress. There has also been a loss of good things in life such as job security which are attributable to technological advancement as well. So whether technology is good or bad for the society is difficult to say. However that technology has a deep impact on society is undeniable. BIBILIOGRAPHY Laudon, Kenneth., and Carol Traver. E-commerce: Business, Technology, Society. South western college pub. 2007. McCue, Sarah. Farce to Force: Building E-commerce Strategies. McGraw Hill/Irwin. 2005. Vago, Steven. Social Change. Collins. 2007. McMichael, Philip D. Development and Social Change: A Global Perspective. McGraw Hill/Irwin. 2007. Noble, Trevor. Social Theory and Social Change. Collins. 2007. History of Technology. 7 December 2007. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_technology Chandler, Daniel. Technological or Media Determinism. 14 April 2000. Bailey, Ronald. Accelerating Change. 13 August 2003.

Charles Darwin Essays - Charles Darwin, Coleopterists, Free Essays

Charles Darwin Essays - Charles Darwin, Coleopterists, Free Essays Charles Darwin science Charles Darwin Darwin was born in February, 1809. He left the school at Shrewsbury to the University of Edinburgh to study medicine. In 1827 he dropped out of medical school and entered the University of Cambridge, intending to become a clergyman. There he met Adam Sedgwick, a geologist and John Stevens Henslow, a naturalist. Henslow not only helped build Darwin's self-confidence but also taught his student to be an observer of natural phenomena and collector of specimens. After graduating from Cambridge in 1831, the 22-year-old Darwin was taken aboard the English survey ship HMS Beagle, largely on Henslow's recommendation, as an unpaid naturalist on a scientific expedition around the world. Darwin's job as naturalist aboard the Beagle gave him the opportunity to observe the various geological formations found on different continents and islands along the way, as well as a huge variety of fossils and living organisms. In his geological observations, Darwin was most impressed with the effect that natural forces had on shaping the earth's surface. During the voyage Darwin found himself doubting that all creatures had been created individually when he found fossils closely ressembling each other. In the Galapagos Islands, off the coast of Ecuador, he also observed that each island supported its own form of certain animals; the various forms were closely related but differed in structure and eating habits from island to island. Both of his observations raised questions about the links between different species. After returning to England in 1836, Darwin began recording his ideas about changeability of species in his Notebooks on the Transmutation of Species. He wrote a theory about his findings but did not publish it. Darwin's theory was first announced in 1858 in a paper presented at the same time as one by Alfred Russel Wallace, a young naturalist who had come independently to the theory of natural selection. Darwin's complete theory was published in 1859, in On the Origin of Species. The Origin sold out on the first day of publication and after this went through six editions. His ideas were widely critized by scientists and the Church. Darwin spent the rest of his life based around his theory and arguments against it. He was honored by burial in Westminster Abbey after he died in Down, Kent, on April 19, 1882.

Dissertation progress report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dissertation progress report - Essay Example One may assume that the topic that I have chosen for undertaking research studies is a pretty simple one and that anyone could simply refer a few editorials in the newspapers and journals and come up with the requisite dissertation. In fact, I strongly believed that this was a good way to conduct my research as I had access to excellent library and archive facilities in the University in addition to being under the able guidance of my supervisors, who have always been extremely supportive and understanding at all times and have acted as true guides at all times. But, as the rest of this report will go to show, I am of the firm belief that opinions and the actual facts will never be highlighted in either newspapers or journals. I have strongly understood over the years that the facts and information presented in the newspapers are merely the opinions of the writers, at least in a majority of whatever gets printed in the form of articles and that the real facts are largely subdued or remain unheard. Therefore, I felt the need that something concrete had to be done in order to get to the real facts and upon analysis, I came to the conclusion that rather than rely solely on literary sources, it would be better for me to get to the people who have been feeling this hatred against the west. I strongly believed that getting to know them, the conditions and events that have come to characterize their lives over these years and the reasons for them to blame the west for all this. The undertaking of any such activity in this regard, especially in the form of a public survey really seemed as if it would bolster the quality of my research even though I knew that I would have to travel to countries that are considered to be dangerous and unsafe especially for people from western countries.But, before I proceeded with any such activity, I needed to make sure that I was on the right path and this required me to do a lot of groundwork so as to allow myself to generate an action plan for my research activities. This, I felt could be done by attending seminars and conferences, which I had not done before due to personal reasons. Therefore, I made it a point to attend all such conferences that discussed about the topic of 'Anti westernism' in detail. Due to my inability to be able to shift to Paris owing to personal reasons, I had made arrangements with my supervisors to work on a part-time basis. But, even then, the thought of my new approach propelled me up and I have been on it over the last few months.Primarily, I began to attend th e conferences and seminars that were conducted regularly at SOAS, which stands for- 'The School of Oriental and African Studies'. The various seminars and conferences that have helped me design a road plan for my research are listed below: "Attitudes towards Reform and Western Integration: Comparing Late 19th-Century lema and Early 21st-Century Kemalists" by Mr. Zafer Yoruk. "The Justice and Development Party: Still Searching for Security and Legitimacy" by Prof. Ihsan Dagi. 'Turkey's Accession Process' by Ambassador Michael Lake, Former EU Ambassador in Turkey (1991-98). "The Prospects for Cyprus post-Annan and Turkey's Accession Decisi' by Andrew Dismore, MP From the subjects of the seminars that have been listed above, I can say conclusively that I got a fair idea of the major

Cause-Effect Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cause-Effect Analysis - Essay Example Mobile devices possess vulnerabilities that make them attractive and easy targets for exploitation. The first major cyber threat to mobile devices stems from the size and portability nature of these devices. Since these devices contain sensitive and large volumes of information, theft or loss of a mobile device can be a major problem to the user. These devices are packed with volumes of information related to the owner of the device. Unfortunately, people accidentally leave these devices in cars, airplanes and hotels (National Computer Board, 2011). In addition, it is easy for such devices to be stolen from one’s bag or pocket, especially in crowded places. If the device ends up the hands of criminals, critical information such as bank account numbers, emails, passwords and PINs can be accessed (US-CERT, 2010). With such information, the criminal is in a position to carry out various activities without the knowledge of the user. For example, the criminal may transfer a given sum of money from the victim’s account within a short period of time. Due to the portable nat ure and size of these devices, they can easily be misplaced or stolen. The loss of the device is not the only threat to these devices. Mobile devices are vulnerable to malware in similar ways to desktop computers. There are specific malware that have been targeted to these devices. These are usually transmitted when one downloads applications that contain malware. In many cases, mobile malware is contained in most of the applications available for free on the internet, and these usually masquerade as security software of games. For instance, in a paper by the US Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT) (2010), the malware known as Ikee.B is discussed. These malware is an iPhone worm that is able to search and forward financial information that is stored on iPhones. Therefore, as the example shows, malware can also be used to